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  • BSI Flex 1903 v2:2024-06 community preview

    This is an interactive version 2 of BSI Flex 1903. The aim of the standard is to create a lexicon of standard terms and acronyms used in this sector. Please note, content is still undergoing internal review and there may be minor changes at full publication.

    We welcome your engagement and comments on this version to help inform the development of the standard. We would also welcome general feedback including what terms could be considered for future versions and these can be made through our dedicated feedback page .

Terms and definitions

3.1 Terms and definitions
F

  1. fuel cell  

    electrochemical device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidant to electrical energy (DC power), heat and reaction products   NOTE The fuel and oxidant are typically stored outside of the fuel cell and transferred into the fuel cell as they are consumed.   [SOURCE: BSI PD IEC/TS 62282-1, Fuel cell technologies – Terminology, 2013]  
    • Updated

  2. fuel cell/battery hybrid system  

    fuel cell power system combined with a battery, for delivering useful electric power    NOTE The fuel cell power system can deliver electric power, charge the battery, or both. The system can deliver and accept electric energy.   [SOURCE: BSI PD IEC/TS 62282-1, Fuel cell technologies – Terminology, 2013]
    • Updated

  3. fuel cell module  

    assembly incorporating one or more fuel cell stacks and, if applicable, additional components, which is intended to be integrated into a power system or a vehicle (aircraft) [SOURCE: PD IEC/TS 62282-1:2013]
    • New

  4. fuel cell power system  

    generator system that uses one or more fuel cell module(s) to generate electric power and heat [SOURCE: PD IEC/TS 62282-1:2013]
    • New

  5. functional testing  

    process used to evaluate the performance of an aircraft or aeronautical product and demonstrate conformance to the applicable regulatory requirements and safety standards   NOTE This process is utilized by EASA as a means of demonstrating conformance to uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) (3.1.137) requirements for operations categorized as SORA SAIL III within the specific category.
    • New

  6. future flight ecosystem  

    set of regulations, processes and technologies related to the electrification, digitalization, and autonomy of air travel by creating new transport modes and capabilities   NOTE Definition adapted from iuk.ktn-uk.org/transport/future-flight/.   SOURCE: INNOVATE UK [28]
    • New
G

  1. geo-caging  

    automatic function to contain the uncrewed aircraft (UA) (3.1.134) within airspace areas or volumes provided as geographical limitations based on the UA position and navigation data   NOTE 1 The volume of airspace within the geo-cage normally coincides with what would be defined as “the operation’s flight volume”. NOTE 2 Its location might be predefined or dynamically generated by a virtual three-dimensional perimeter which is either fixed or moving.
    • New

  2. geo-fencing  

    automatic function to limit the access of the uncrewed aircraft (UA) (3.1.134) to airspace areas or volumes provided as geographical limitations based on the UA position and navigation data   NOTE Its location might be predefined or dynamically generated by a virtual three-dimensional perimeter which is either fixed or moving.
    • New

  3. ground-based DAA  

    means of achieving detect and avoid (DAA) (3.1.55) sub-functions detection, decision, command, and analysis of feedback where all sub-functions are ground based   NOTE Detection equipment includes, but is not limited to, the use of optical sensors, primary or secondary radar, receivers for the detection of electronic conspicuity (EC) (3.1.66) signals, and mobile networks.
    • New
H

  1. handling remote pilot (HRP)  

    pilot in control of an uncrewed aircraft’s flight path, who might also be the remote pilot in command (RPIC) (3.1.119)   NOTE 1 The handover of control of the uncrewed aircraft (UA) (3.1.134) can be a normal aspect of certain operations and occur several times during a single flight. NOTE 2 Handovers are required for various reasons, including long flight times where rest periods for the handling pilot are needed, training activities where control is passed between instructor and
    • New

  2. helicopter  

    type of rotorcraft supported in flight chiefly by the reaction of the air on up to two power-driven rotors on substantially vertical axes [SOURCE: EASA, Opinion No 03/2023] [2]
    • New

  3. human-in-the-loop  

    system in which a human is required to interact with the system for it to be able to perform or control actions [SOURCE: ASTM International, Autonomy design and operations in aviation: Terminology and requirements framework, modified – “must” replaced by “is required to”] [29]
    • New

  4. human-on-the-loop  

    system in which a human can provide guidance to an automatic system that has the authority to perform control actions with or without human oversight or actions [SOURCE: ASTM International, Autonomy design and operations in aviation: Terminology and requirements framework] [29]
    • New

  5. human-out-of-the-loop  

    system in which a human is not able to intervene or provide guidance to an automatic system that has the authority to perform control actions without human oversight or actions [SOURCE: ASTM International, Autonomy design and operations in aviation: Terminology and requirements framework] [29]
    • New

  6. human-over-the-loop  

    system in which a human passively monitors the systems for exceptions or escalations and is informed by automation if, and what, action is required   NOTE Fills the gap between  human-on-the-loop ( 3.1.88) and  human-out-of-the-loop (3.1.89) for those systems where the human retains supervisory authority, but only to monitor and intervene in exceptional cases.
    • New

  7. hybrid DAA  

    means of accomplishing the detect and avoid (DAA) (3.1.55) sub-functions of detection, decision, command and analysis of feedback where sub-functions are distributed between the ground and the aircraft   NOTE Examples include airborne detection information which is transmitted to a ground-based remote pilot for analysis and the issuing avoidance manoeuvring commands.
    • New
I

  1. initial airworthiness  

    assessment and certification by the aviation regulatory authority of a state that a specific aircraft conforms to the airworthiness requirements and standards necessary for safe flight at the time that it first enters service   NOTE 1 Initial airworthiness is concerned with the design, type certification and production of the aircraft. NOTE 2 Attention is drawn to Commission Regulation (EU) No 748/2012 [30] in relation to implementing rules for airworthiness and environmental cert
    • New

  2. instructions for continued airworthiness (ICA)  

    documents provided by an aircraft manufacturer or design organization that outline the necessary information and procedures for maintaining the airworthiness of an aircraft throughout its operational life   NOTE 1 The ICA covers a wide range of information related to the inspection and maintenance of the aircraft, including tasks that need to be performed to maintain conformance to airworthiness standards. NOTE 2 ICA documents include, but are not limited to, the aircraft maintena
    • New

  3. integrated airspace environment  

    air environment in which the simultaneous operation of uncrewed and crewed aircraft occurs, and uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) (3.1.137) is expected to conform to the existing crewed aircraft rules of the air
    • New

  4. integrated beyond visual line of sight (I-BVLOS) operations  

    beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) (3.1.35) operation where the primary means of achieving safe separation of an uncrewed aircraft (UA) (3.1.134) from crewed aircraft relies on uncrewed aircraft systems traffic management (UTM) (3.1.138) services and/or a detect and avoid (DAA) (3.1.55) capability to ensure safe separation of aircraft is achieved
    • New

  5. innovative aerial services (IAS)  

    set of operations and/or services that are enabled by new airborne technologies NOTE the operations and/or services include both the transportation of passengers and/or cargo and aerial operations (e.g. surveillance, inspections, mapping, telecommunications networking, etc.) [SOURCE: EASA, Opinion No 03/2023, modified – removed “that are of benefit to the citizens and to the aviation market”] [31]
    • New
L

  1. lift-cruise aircraft  

    VTOL-capable aircraft (VCA) (3.1.143) which depends, principally, on engine-driven rotors fixed to a substantially vertical axis for lift during take-off, landing and low-speed flight regimes, and on nonrotating aerofoil(s) for lift during high-speed flight     Previous Version: 1.0 Release date: September 2023  powered lifted aircraft heavier-than-air aircraft capable of vertical take-off, vertical landing, and low-speed flight, which depends principally on engine-drive
    • New
M

  1. machine learning  

    branch of artificial intelligence (AI) (3.1.15) concerned with the development of learning algorithms that allow computers to evolve behaviours based on observing data and making inferences on this data [SOURCE: EASA, Artificial intelligence roadmap 2.0] [10]
    • New

  2. mission plan  

    flight plan and the flight’s objectives   NOTE 1 Examples of flight plan details include the flight team composition (and crew duty time planning for long endurance operations), crew locations, command and control (C2) link (3.1.41) coverage plan, the waypoints and route, altitudes, flight times, expected fuel/battery consumption and reserves, and main and alternate take-off and landing zones (TOLZs) (3.1.130). NOTE 2 Examples of flight objectives include specifying the data captu
    • Updated

  3. mobile network user terminal (UE)  

    device fitted to an aircraft which enables connection to a mobile network’s base station [SOURCE: OFCOM, Spectrum for unmanned aircraft systems] [32]   Previous Version: 1.0 Release date: September 2023  mobile network user terminal device fitted to an aircraft which enables connection to a mobile network’s base station [SOURCE: Ofcom ‘spectrum for unmanned aircraft systems, December 2022] [18]
    • Updated
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