capability to see, sense or detect conflicting traffic or other hazards and take the appropriate action

NOTE 1 UK CAA, CAP 722, Unmanned aircraft system operations in UK airspace – Policy and guidance [13] describes the following as necessary DAA functions:

• detect and avoid traffic (aircraft in the air and on the ground) in accordance with the Rules of the Air;
• detect and avoid all airborne objects, including gliders, hang-gliders, paragliders, microlights, balloons, parachutists etc.;
• enable the remote pilot to determine the in-flight meteorological conditions;
• avoid hazardous weather; and
• detect and avoid terrain and other obstacles.

NOTE 2 UK CAA, CAP 722, Unmanned aircraft system operations in UK airspace – Policy and guidance [19]] lists the five sub-functions of DAA: detect, decide, command, execute, and feedback loop.

NOTE 3 DAA can incorporate the use of various sensors, architectures, multiple integrated systems, a human-in-the-loop (3.1.87), human-on-the-loop (3.1.88) or no human involvement at all.

NOTE 4 A DAA system can have distributed components (e.g. on the ground, in the air or aboard satellites) and be described according to where the DAA sub-functions are carried out as either airborne DAA (3.1.5), ground-based DAA (3.1.84) or hybrid DAA (3.1.91).

[SOURCE: ICAO, Annex 2 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, Rules of the Air] [20]