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  • BSI Flex 1903 v2:2024-06 community preview

    This is an interactive version 2 of BSI Flex 1903. The aim of the standard is to create a lexicon of standard terms and acronyms used in this sector. Please note, content is still undergoing internal review and there may be minor changes at full publication.

    We welcome your engagement and comments on this version to help inform the development of the standard. We would also welcome general feedback including what terms could be considered for future versions and these can be made through our dedicated feedback page .

Terms and definitions

3.1 Terms and definitions
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A

  1. airborne DAA  

    means by which all detect and avoid (DAA) (3.1.55) sub-functions are contained aboard the aircraft   NOTE Traffic DAA systems include interoperability between conflicting aircraft in order to coordinate avoidance manoeuvring, e.g. an airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS) (3.1.4). Previous version: 1.0 Release date: September 2023 detect and avoid (DAA) (3.1.32) system where all sub-functions are contained aboard the aircraft  NOTE Traffic DAA systems might include i
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  2. atypical air environment (AAE)  

    specified volume of airspace where the potential for an otherwise unmitigated encounter with crewed aircraft meets an acceptable level   NOTE 1 Examples of AAE described in UK CAA CAP 2968, Consultation: Unmanned aircraft operations within an atypical air environment [11], include: • within 30 m (100 feet) of any building or structure; • within 15 m (50 feet) of a permanent linear structure, e.g. a railway, road or powerline; and • within the confines of private property
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  3. air traffic management (ATM) system  

    system that provides air traffic management (ATM) (3.1.11) through the collaborative integration of humans, information, technology, facilities and services, supported by air and ground- and/or space-based communications, navigation and surveillance   [SOURCE: ICAO, Unmanned aircraft systems traffic management (UTM) – A common framework with core principles for global harmonization] [7]   Previous version: 1.0 Release date: September 2023 system that provides air traffic
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  4. air traffic management (ATM)  

    dynamic, integrated management of air traffic and airspace (including air traffic services, airspace management and air traffic flow management), conducted safely, economically and efficiently through the provision of facilities and seamless services in collaboration with all parties and involving airborne and ground-based functions   [SOURCE: ICAO, Unmanned aircraft systems traffic management (UTM) – A common framework with core principles for global harmonization] [7]   Pre
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  5. airspace observer beyond visual line of sight (AO-BVLOS) operations  

    beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) (3.1.35) operation where the primary means of achieving safe separation from crewed aircraft is with an airspace observer, or observers, to provide detection of potential hazards and communicate this information to the remote pilot   NOTE For these operations, the observer does not necessarily maintain visual contact with the uncrewed aircraft, whereas in uncrewed aircraft observer beyond visual line of sight (UAO-BVLOS) (3.1.136)  operations, the ob
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  6. advanced air mobility (AAM)  

    safe, secure and sustainable air mobility of passengers and cargo enabled by new-generation technologies integrated into a multimodal transportation system   NOTE 1 The EASA source document uses the term “innovative air mobility” (IAM). NOTE 2 AAM is a type of innovative aerial service (IAS) (3.1.96). NOTE 3 AAM envisions the use of autonomous or semi-autonomous flight capabilities. NOTE 4 AAM operations include the subsets of urban and regional air mobility. NOTE 5
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  7. airspace observer  

    person who assists the remote pilot by performing unaided visual scanning of the airspace in which the uncrewed aircraft is operating for any potential hazard in the air   NOTE The term describes one type of visual observer; the other main type of visual observer is  UAO (3.1.135)   [SOURCE: UK CAA, CAP 722D, Unmanned aircraft system operations in UK airspace: Abbreviations and master glossary] [6]   Previous version: 1.0 Release date: September 2023 person who
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B

  1. beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS)  

    type of  UAS (3.1.137) operation which is not conducted in visual line of sight (VLOS)   [SOURCE: UK CAA, CAP 722D, Unmanned aircraft system operations in UK airspace: Abbreviations and master glossary] [6]   Previous version: 1.0 Release date: September 2023 type of UAS operation which is not conducted in visual line of sight (VLOS) (3.1.89) [SOURCE : UK CAA CAP 722D, Unmanned Aircraft System Operations in UK Airspace: Abbreviations and Master Glossary, 2nd edition
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C

  1. centralized remote crew  

    co-located crew members within direct verbal communication range of one another   NOTE For example, an operation where the remote pilot and payload operator are side by side.   Previous version: 1.0 Release date: September 2023 all flight crew members are co-located and within direct verbal communication range of one another NOTE An example would be an operation where the remote pilot and payload operator are side by side.
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  2. crew resource management (CRM)  

    use of all available resources to support crew responses to threats and errors that manifest in the operating environment intended to ensure a safe and efficient operation   Previous Version: 1.0 Release date: September 2023 use of all available resources to support crew responses to threats and errors that manifest in the operating environment intended to assure a safe and efficient operation
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  3. crash-protected container (CPC)  

    container which is capable of falling from a predetermined height and impacting terrain without leakage of contents   NOTE 1 Primarily intended for the carriage of items classified as dangerous goods by uncrewed aircraft (UA) (3.1.134). NOTE 2 The container might be carried externally or within the airframe of a UA (3.1.134); or the UA airframe itself might be designed to protect its contents in the event of a crash.   [SOURCE: VCA, Test procedure: Crash protected conta
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  4. contingency volume  

    volume of airspace that provides a buffer around the flight volume (3.1.72)   NOTE If the uncrewed aircraft (UA) (3.1.134) leaves the flight volume and enters the contingency volume, then the contingency procedures, documented in the operations manual (3.1.110), are required to be activated.   [SOURCE: UK CAA, CAP 722D, Unmanned aircraft system operations in UK airspace: Abbreviations and master glossary] [6]   Previous version: 1.0 Release date: September 2023
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D

  1. decentralized remote crew  

    remote crew members separated from each other to the extent that communications between them rely entirely on electronic means   NOTE An example of decentralized remote crew is  airspace observer beyond visual line of sight (AO-BVLOS) operations (3.1.10), where the remote pilot communicates with the  airspace observer(s) (3.1.9) via private mobile radio, mobile phone or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) (3.1.146).   Previous version: 1.0 Release date: September 2023 fl
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  2. deconfliction  

    arrangement, negotiation, coordination, and prioritization of intended operational volumes, routes, or trajectories to minimize the likelihood of airborne conflicts between operations   NOTE “Strategic deconfliction” are actions taken prior to take-off while “tactical deconfliction” are actions taken once an aircraft is airborne. “Collision avoidance” (3.1.40)  refers to last resort actions or manoeuvres   [SOURCE: ICAO Unmanned Aircraft Systems Traffic Management (UTM) – A C
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  3. design verification  

    evaluation of an implementation of design requirements to determine that the requirements have been met NOTE 1 In other words, "Did we design the aircraft/system/function/item in accordance with the requirements?” NOTE 2 The requirements include any applicable regulatory and safety requirements.  NOTE 3 The design verification process is utilized by European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) as a means of demonstrating compliance with “uncrewed aircraft system (UAS)” (3.1.137
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  4. detect and avoid (DAA)  

    capability to see, sense or detect conflicting traffic or other hazards and take the appropriate action   NOTE 1 UK CAA, CAP 722, Unmanned aircraft system operations in UK airspace – Policy and guidance [13] describes the following as necessary DAA functions: detect and avoid traffic (aircraft in the air and on the ground) in accordance with the Rules of the Air; detect and avoid all airborne objects, including gliders, hang-gliders, paragliders, microlights, balloons,
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  5. deterministic  

    characteristic of a system or algorithm such that, when functioning as designed and given identical inputs, it is capable of producing different outputs
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  6. distributed operations  

    operation where the remote pilot (3.1.118) is not physically in the same local operating area as the uncrewed aircraft take-off and landing zone (TOLZ) (3.1.130) and is reliant on inputs from other flight crew, sensors or instrumentation to assess relevant operating conditions prior to and during flight   NOTE Local operating conditions would include items such as current local weather or the status of the take-off and landing zone (TOLZ) (3.1.130).  
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E

  1. EHPS control system  

    system or device that controls, limits, monitors, or protects the operation of the electric/hybrid propulsion system (EHPS) (3.1.59) or a sub-system of the EHPS [Source: EASA Special Condition, SC E-19, Electric / Hybrid Propulsion System Issue 1, April 2021] [21]
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  2. electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)  

    ability of equipment or a system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment [SOURCE: International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60050 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary] ) [16]  
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  3. electromagnetic interference (EMI)  

    degradation in the performance of equipment or transmission channel or a system caused by an electromagnetic disturbance   NOTE 1 EMI sources can be either manmade (intentional or unintentional) or naturally occurring phenomena such as lightning or solar flares. NOTE 2 The three main types of EMI are radiated EMI, conducted EMI and coupled EMI. NOTE 3 On an uncrewed aircraft (UA) (3.1.134), undesirable EMI effects include, but are not limited to, collision avoidance (3.1.40).
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  4. electronic conspicuity (EC)  

    technologies that support the function of cooperative surveillance systems   Previous Version: 1.0 Release date: September 2023 range of technologies that support the function of cooperative surveillance systems
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  5. eVTOL  

    type of VTOL-capable aircraft (VCA) (3.1.143) which utilizes electric/hybrid propulsion systems and is generally regarded as an aircraft intended for the carriage of passengers and/or cargo within the context of advanced air mobility   Previous Version: 1.0 Release date: September 2023 vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) (3.1.87) aircraft which utilizes electric/hybrid propulsion systems NOTE An eVTOL is generally considered to be an aircraft intended for the carriage of pa
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F

  1. flight volume  

    volume of airspace that encompasses the entire operation, with sufficient buffer for any operational movement around the flight path, due to navigational errors, expected weather conditions and any other reason for deviating from the flight path   NOTE 1 Refers to normal operations and is surrounded by the contingency volume (3.1.44) that provides a buffer within which contingency procedures are activated. NOTE 2 Similar in concept to the EASA term “flight geography”, which refers
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  2. fuel cell/battery hybrid system  

    fuel cell power system combined with a battery, for delivering useful electric power    NOTE The fuel cell power system can deliver electric power, charge the battery, or both. The system can deliver and accept electric energy.   [SOURCE: BSI PD IEC/TS 62282-1, Fuel cell technologies – Terminology, 2013]
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